Searching for Star Clusters

The FSR Cluster Sample

Intro:

Facilitating the 2MASS database and parallel computing techniques we have searched for unknown star clusters in the Milky Way. We discovered 1021 new candidates for star clusters, and estimated a contamination from star density enhancements of about 50%. See our paper Froebrich, Scholz, Raftery (2007) for all the details of the method and our results.

Press:

Follow up observations of our candidate cluster FSR1735 revealt that this is most probably a so far unknown globular cluster in the Milky Way. See our paper Froebrich et al. (2007b) for all the details or the ESO Press Release on the discovery.

We also followed up FSR0190. This object turned out to be an old galactic cluster with an age of at least 7Gyr and a large number of red giants. See our Paper Froebrich et al. (2008) or the UKIRT Newsletter for all the details.

Cluster Data:

We have created for all new cluster candidates 2MASS colour images. Those images are generated automatically, hence in some cases the colours are not perfect and/or the actual cluster candidate is not in the centre of the image.

See here for the images of our 473 candidates that are probably unknown star clusters.
Here we present the images of the remaining 548 objects that are most probably just star density enhancements.

Classification:

Some of our candidates have now been classified properly. If there are more than one reference, the latest is listed first.
There are Globular Clusters, Open Clusters, Embedded Clusters, Objects not listed as new in the FSR catalogue and No Clusters.

The Globular Cluster (candidates):

Number	Classification	Reference	Notes
0190	old OpCl/GlCl	Froebrich et al. 2007	>7Gyrs, Palomar Type GlCl?
0584	embedded	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI20
	GlCl?	Bica et al. 2007	The closest known GlCl?
1716	old OpCl/GlCl	Froebrich et al. 2008	>2Gyrs
	old OpCl	Bonatto & Bica 2008	≥7Gyr
1735	GlCl?	Froebrich et al. 2008	>8Gyrs
	GlCl?	Froebrich et al. 2007	inner Galaxy GlCl?
1767	GlCl	Bonatto et al. 2009
	no cluster	Froebrich et al. 2008
	GlCl	Bonatto et al. 2007	The 2nd closest known GlCl!

The Open Cluster (candidates):

Number	Classification	Reference	Notes
0010	OpCl?	Bica et al. 2008	Intermediate Age
0031	embedded	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI125
	old OpCl	Bonatto & Bica 2007	SAI125, 1.1Gyrs
0070	old OpCl	Bica et al. 2008	5Gyrs
0088	OpCl	Froebrich et al. 2008	0.5Gyrs
0089	OpCl	Froebrich et al. 2008	1.0Gyrs
	old OpCl	Bonatto & Bica 2007	1.0Gyrs
0098	OpCl?	Bica et al. 2008	old?
0101	OpCl	Camargo et al. 2009	0.9Gyrs
0124	old OpCl	Bica et al. 2008	SAI127, 1.0Gyrs
	old OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI127, 1.3Gyrs
0133	OpCl	Bica et al. 2008	SAI128, 0.6Gyrs
	OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI128, 220Myrs
0154	old OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI131, 1.1Gyrs
0158	OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI130, <200Myrs
0160	OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI129, 890Myrs
0162	OpCl	Camargo et al. 2009	0.2Gyrs
0178	old OpCl	Camargo et al. 2009	1.5Gyrs
0190	old OpCl/GlCl	Froebrich et al. 2007	>7Gyrs, Palomar Type GlCl?
0198	embedded	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI134
	young OpCl	Camargo et al. 2009	SAI134, 10Myrs
0214	OpCl	Warren & Cole 2008	IC1311, 1.1Gyr, not identified in Warren & Cole 2008
0275	old OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI138, 1.8Gyrs
0282	old OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI140, 1.1Gyrs
0336	OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI145, 800Myrs
0342	old OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI146, 1.1Gyrs
0358	old OpCl	Froebrich et al. 2008	Kirkpatrick1, 5Gyr, originally found here
0394	old OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI147, 2.5Gyrs
0430	OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI148, 110Myrs
0441	OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI150, 350Myrs
0460	old OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI153, 1.6Gyrs
0465	old OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI151, 1.6Gyrs
0480	old OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI3, 1.6Gyrs
0494	old OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI5, 1.3Gyrs
0503	old OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI7, 2.5Gyrs
0505	old OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI8, 1.4Gyrs
0508	old OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI9, 1.3Gyrs
0524	old OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI11, 1.3Gyrs
0536	OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI13, <160Myrs
0634	old OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI29, 1.0Gyrs
0647	young OpCl	Negueruela & Marco 2008	Alicante1 (not identified in Negueruela & Marco 2008), <4Myr
0660	old OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI34, 1.3Gyrs
0687	old OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI37, 1.4Gyrs
0705	old OpCl	Bonatto & Bica 2008	NGC1798, Berkeley16, 1.5Gyr
0716	OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI44, 0.9Gyrs
0727	old OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI45, 1.6Gyrs
0729	old OpCl	Bonatto & Bica 2008	NGC1883, Collinder64, 1.0Gyr
0730	old OpCl	Bonatto & Bica 2008	NGC2126, Melotte39, Collinder78, 1.2Gyr
0756	OpCl	Bonatto & Bica 2008	0.3Gyr
0788	OpCl	Kirsanova et al. 2008	S235 East1, not identified in Kirsanova et al. 2008
0793	OpCl	Bonatto & Bica 2008	Berkeley69, 0.9Gyr
0795	OpCl	Koposov et al. 2008	Koposov10, <0.4Gyr
0802	OpCl	Koposov et al. 2008	Koposov12, 0.8Gyr
0810	old OpCl	Bonatto & Bica 2008	Berkeley71, 1.0Gyr
0814	OpCl	Bonatto & Bica 2008	Koposov36, 30Myr
	OpCl	Koposov et al. 2008	Koposov36, <0.22Gyr, not identified in Koposov et al. 2008
0828	old OpCl	Koposov et al. 2008	Koposov43, 2Gyr, wrongly identified as FSR848 in Koposov et al. 2008
0834	old OpCl	Bonatto & Bica 2008	Czernik23, 4.5Gyr
	old OpCl	Bonatto & Bica 2008	Czernik23, 5Gyr
0852	OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI56, 0.8Gyrs
0856	OpCl	Koposov et al. 2008	Koposov53, <0.32Gyr, not identified in Koposov et al. 2008
0869	old OpCl	Koposov et al. 2008	Koposov63, 1.4Gyr
	old OpCl	Bonatto & Bica 2008	Koposov63, 1.5Gyr
0904	OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI61, 0.6Gyrs
0911	OpCl	Bica et al. 2008	New Cluster 1 in Bochum 1, 7Myr
	uncertain	Bonatto & Bica 2008
0917	old OpCl	Bonatto & Bica 2008	Berkeley23, 1.2Gyr
0921	OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI58, 300Myrs
0923	OpCl	Bonatto & Bica 2008	0.5Gyr
0932	OpCl	Bonatto & Bica 2008	SAI57, 0.15Gyr
	OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI57, 0.8Gyrs
0942	old OpCl	Bonatto & Bica 2008	SAI59, 1.0Gyr
	old OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI59, 1.0Gyrs
0948	old OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI64, 1.0Gyrs
	OpCl	Bonatto & Bica 2008	SAI64, 30Myr
0974	OpCl	Bonatto & Bica 2008	0.4Gyr
0979	OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI65, 280Myrs
0985	OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI62, <400Myrs
0987	OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI63, 450Myrs
1063	OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI66, <400Myrs
1085	OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI71, <400Myrs
1125	old OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI70, <1.3Gyrs
1150	OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI74, <200Myrs
1171	old OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI73, 3.1Gyrs
1253	OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI76, 250Myrs
1275	old OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI77, 2.5Gyrs
1347	OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI79, <630Myrs
1378	OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI85, 630Myrs
1380	OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI87, <450Myrs
1387	OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI89, <630Myrs
1402	old OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI102, 4.0Gyrs
1415	old OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI93, 1.8Gyrs
	old OpCl	Momany et al. 2008	SAI93, 2.5Gyr
1430	old OpCl	Camargo et al. 2009	SAI96, 1.0Gyrs
	OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI96, 700Myrs
1435	old OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI98, 5.6Gyrs
1436	OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI92, 100Myrs
1450	old OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI100, 1.3Gyrs
1454	old OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI95, 1.4Gyrs
1460	old OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI103, 2.0Gyrs
1471	old OpCl	Camargo et al. 2009	1.0Gyrs
1509	OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI110, 560Myrs
1521	old OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI111, 2.8Gyrs
	old OpCl	Bonatto & Bica 2008	SAI111, 2.0Gyr
1530	young OpCl	Froebrich et al. 2008	≤4Myrs
1555	old OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI114, 1.8Gyrs
	old OpCl	Bonatto & Bica 2008	SAI114, 1.5Gyr
1586	OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI115, 450Myrs
1603	old OpCl	Bica & Bonatto 2008	Ruprecht 101, 1.0Gyr
1644	OpCl	Bica et al. 2008	Harvard8, Cr268, 0.6Gyrs
1663	OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI117, 800Myrs
1686	OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI121, 890Myrs
1712	OpCl	Froebrich et al. 2008	0.8Gyrs
1716	old OpCl/GlCl	Froebrich et al. 2008	>2Gyrs
	old OpCl	Bonatto & Bica 2008	≥7Gyr
1723	OpCl	Bica et al. 2008	ESO275SC1, 0.8Gyrs
1737	old OpCl	Bica et al. 2008	>5Gyrs
1740	OpCl?	Bica et al. 2008	old?
1744	old OpCl	Bonatto & Bica 2007	SAI124, 1.0Gyr
	OpCl	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI124, 700Myrs
1769	OpCl?	Bica et al. 2008	old?

The Embedded Cluster (candidates):

Number	Classification	Reference	Notes
0031	embedded	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI125
	old OpCl	Bonatto & Bica 2007	SAI125, 1.1Gyrs
0198	embedded	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI134
	young OpCl	Camargo et al. 2009	SAI134, 10Myrs
0469	embedded	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI152
0584	embedded	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI20
	GlCl?	Bica et al. 2007	The closest known GlCl?
0655	embedded	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI32
0696	embedded	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI39
0699	embedded	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI38
0784	embedded	Koposov et al. 2008	Koposov7
0812	embedded	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI52
0826	embedded	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI55
0839	embedded	Koposov et al. 2008	Koposov41
0849	embedded	Koposov et al. 2008	Koposov58
0855	embedded	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI54
0874	embedded	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI53
1432	embedded	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI97
1662	embedded	Glushkova et al. 2009	SAI119
1755	embedded?	Bica & Bonatto 2008

Not in FSR list of new clusters:

Number	Classification	Reference	Notes
1570	young OpCl	Froebrich et al. 2008	8Myrs
	young OpCl	Pasquali et al. 2008	Teutsch143a, >4Myrs

Not a cluster:

Number	Classification	Reference	Notes
0002	no cluster	Froebrich et al. 2008
0023	no cluster	Froebrich et al. 2008
0041	no cluster	Bica et al. 2008
0091	no cluster	Bica et al. 2008
0094	no cluster	Froebrich et al. 2008
0114	no cluster	Bica et al. 2008
0119	no cluster	Bica et al. 2008
0128	no cluster	Bica et al. 2008
0744	no cluster	Bonatto & Bica 2008
0773	uncertain	Bonatto & Bica 2008	deeper photometry needed
0776	no cluster	Bonatto & Bica 2008
0801	no cluster	Bonatto & Bica 2008
0841	no cluster	Bonatto & Bica 2008
0851	uncertain	Bonatto & Bica 2008	depper photometry needed
0855	uncertain	Bonatto & Bica 2008	deeper photometry needed
0882	uncertain	Bonatto & Bica 2008	deeper photometry needed
0884	uncertain	Bonatto & Bica 2008	deeper photometry needed
0894	no cluster	Bonatto & Bica 2008
0927	no cluster	Bonatto & Bica 2008
0956	no cluster	Bonatto & Bica 2008
1527	no cluster	Froebrich et al. 2008
1635	no cluster	Bica et al. 2008
1647	no cluster	Bica et al. 2008
1659	no cluster	Froebrich et al. 2008
1685	no cluster	Bica et al. 2008
1695	no cluster	Bica et al. 2008
1754	no cluster	Froebrich et al. 2008
	OpCl?	Bica et al. 2008	2 clusters?
1767	GlCl	Bonatto et al. 2009
	no cluster	Froebrich et al. 2008
	GlCl	Bonatto et al. 2007	The 2nd closest known GlCl!

We are working on adding more information/better classification of all the objects....

WEBDA Database
OPEN CLUSTERS AND GALACTIC STRUCTURE
SAI Open Clusters Catalog